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Say it Legally |
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Who did this? Him? |
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Crimes + Roles |
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Trial Wait + Verdict |
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ID + The Census |
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Authorized? |
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Witness / Evidence? |
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Threats... Unjust? |
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Jesus, Paul, Stephen |
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Logic - Non-logic |
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Witness / Evidence?
witness
getuige - Dutch
témoin - French
Zeuge - German
testimone - Italian
testigo - Spanish
Witnesses often state:
My testimony is valid. John 8:14
Was ich sage ist wahr. Ich bin mein eigener Zeuge. - German
Yo declare en favor mío, mi declaración vale.
This may very well be true. Yet, they may not know the whole truth. They may be mistaken. They may lie because someone threatened them. They may be liars. They may have been bought. Let us ask God to give wisdom to all involved.The testimony of _____ is dependable. Psalm 19:7 (or often verse 8)
(Pick a translation with "testimony" rather than "statute".)
Le témoignage de _____ est véritable. - French
Das Zeugnis des _____(add genitive noun name) ist gewiß. - German
La testimonianza del _____ è verace. Italian
El testimonio de _____ es fiel. - Spanish
To elicit truth, as witnesses perceive it, the court may state as a matter of procedure.
Your words (of all the witnesses) may be tested to see if you are telling the truth. Genesis 42:16
Vos paroles seront éprouvées, et je saurai si la vérité est chez vous. - French
Eure Worte sollen geprüft werden, ob Wahrheit bei euch ist. - German
Le vostre parole siano messe alla prova, e si veda se c'è del vero in voi. - Italian
Vuestras palabras serán probadas, si hay verdad en vosotros. - Spanish
The judge and the people can say: Your testimony is valid.or they can say:
Your testimony is not valid. John 8:13
Was du sagst, ist kein rechtskräftiger Beweis. - German
Tú declaras en tu favor; así que tu declaración no vale nada. - Spanish
Let us ask God to give witnesses wisdom when presenting the truth.**********
Non-witness evidence
Someone who has non-human evidence and does not need expert witnesses can say:
I don't depend on human testimony. John 5:34
Ich selbst haben keinen Menschen als Zeugen nötig. -German
Yo no necesito tal recomendación venida de hombres. - Spanish
However, as back-up, human witnesses can make the difference or reassure.
but....I mention it (a person's testimony) so that you may be saved. John 5:35
pero....recuredo este dato para bien de ustedes, para que se salven. - Spanish
Ich berufe mich auf _____(Name)nur, weil ich möchte, daß ihr gerettet werdet. - German
*******************
Witnesses have a serious responsibility.
Pray for "truthful witnesses" to come forward since:
A truthful witness saves lives!!! Proverbs 14:25
Sachchá gawáh ján bachánewálá hai. - Urdu, Western Script
Het woord van een betrouwbaar getuige kan iemand het leven redden. - Dutch
Un testimone sincero può essere una salvezza. - Italian
Un témoin fidèle peut sauver des vies. - French
Ein zuverlässiger Zeuge rettet Menschenleben. - German
El testigo verídico salva vidas. - Spanish
In a formal trial, the authorities (they) make the accused visible when the witness is asked something.(a) They made __________(A-accused name)
stand in front of________(E-everyone/names of those in the court)
and (b)
asked __________(W-witness name),
"_________(TW-Formal address of witness by name, title or role name),
-------------- (Q-question)?"(John 8:3,4)
(a)Portarono davanti da ________(E)_______(A)
e (b) dissero a _________(W):
-- _____(TW),
_____________(Q)? - Italian
(a) Sie stellten _________(A) so, daß ________(A) von ________(E/allen) gesehen wurde.
(b)Dann sagten sie zu _______(W):
»_______(TW),
__________(Q)?« - German
(a)Colocaron ________(A) in medio
y (b) dijeron a __________(W):
«________(TW),
¿___________(Q)?»
(The accused is in the middle, visible by everyone) - Spanish
The commandment says:Never give false testimony. Luke 18:20 and in the OT.
Sag nichts Unwahres. (A broader statement - Don't say anything untrue.) - German
Não acuse os outros com falsidade. (Don't accuse others of falsehoods.) - Portuguese
Punishments are often determined by what witnesses say.The truth is the truth.
If a witness knows other witnesses, (s)he can state:
"I testify on my own behalf, and so does ______(Name(s))" John 8:18
The following sentence can be said in court.
(I swear,) "I don't know the man." Mat 26:(72 + 74)
It is an important sentence since God chose to put this wording into the Bible 2 times on practically the same page.
Je jure que je ne connais pas cet homme. - French
Giuro che non conosco quell'uomo. - Italian
Ich schöre, ich kenne den Mann überhaupt nicht. - German
¡No conozco a ese hombre! - Spanish
Wisdom will help identify related wordings: I swear that I don't know the man.
or I swore, "I don't know the man."
or He swore, "I don't know the man."
or "I don't know the woman."
or "I know the child. etc.
Truth does not depend on age, race, status in life....
Don't let anyone look down on you because you are_____. 1 Ti 4:(12)
Nessuno deve avere poco rispetto di te perché sei ________. - Italian
Ne laisse personne te mépriser parce que tu es __________. - French
There may be only one witness, who states:I, (name)_________, was the only one who saw ______. Daniel 10:7
Moi, (nom) _________, je fus le seul à voir __________. - French
Nur ich allein sah ____________. - German
The witness may even state that others who should have seen the same thing did not.The (insert a group name/men) ________ with me did not see it. Daniel 10:7
Les gens/___ qui m'entouraient ne virent rien. - French
Meine Begleiter sahen nichts. - German
Most times the testimony of one witness is not enough, particularly as the punishments get more severe.Anyone who rejected the law of (Name or country name)________ will (verdict) ___________, on the testimony of 2 or 3 witnesses.
Hebrews 10:(28)
Tout homme qui désobéit à la loi de (nom ou nom d'un pays)_________ est (jugement) ____________, s'il est reconnu coupable d'après le témoignage de deux ou trois personnes. - French
Wer gegen das Gesetz ________(Genitif des Namen oder Namen des Landes) verstößt, wird ____________(Urteil) wenn seine Schuld durch zwei oder drei Zeugenaussagen festgestellt ist. - German
Leviticus 5:1 and 5:4,5 are interesting verses that prescribe a reconciliation offering to God as reparation for any witness who did not testify to the truth. Either because the truth was changed, not stated or falsified. Under the New Covenant the offering is sure to be some kind of love offering.Sometimes witnesses need to identify a corpse. Matthew 27: 50-60 has some wordings that show that certain witnesses who know the deceased, monitor the situation from afar and then often have to sit and wait across from something, while the body is made presentable with clean items and dealt with according to rules and regulations. The body is then "released" to be buried.
__________ starb.
„Wir wollen doch sehen."
Es waren auch ________ da, die alles aus der Ferne beobachteten.
Sie waren von ___________(time) an bei _________ (Name) gewesen.
________ging zu __________ und bat ihn, den Leichnam freizugeben.
Da befahl ______, ihn auszuliefern.
__________ und ________ blieben dort und setzten sich _________gegenüber.
Medical witnesses are needed--since someone may look dead (comme mort - French; wie tot - German(see Matt. 28:4)--but that needs to be confirmed. Wait, let us see....(Attends, nous allons voir. - French; Halt! Wir wollen doch sehen. - German(Matt. 27:49) The guards at Jesus' tomb were only trembling for fear, and were not dead!**************
You, as witness
Someone may try to persuade YOU to be a witness.
First they need to ascertain that you are a witness.
I know "you". John 17:(25)
Moi, je 'te' connais. - French
Ich habe "dich" (immer) gekannt. - German
Wording patterns in the Great Commission of Acts 1:8 are given to us by God, not to misuse, but to confirm witnesses now in today's world. These wording patterns have been used throughout history and they will as long as there are courts and public opionions.Here is the simple:
YOU will be my witnesses.
Vous serez mes témoins. - French
Ihr werdet meine Zeugen sein. - German
Mi sarete testimoni. /Parlerete di me. - Italian
Me seréis testigos. - Spanish
This short witness wording comes from the Great Commission text:"Then you will be my witnesses to testify about me [Jesus] in Jerusalem, throughout Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth." Acts 1:8
Puis vous serez mes témoins à Jérusalem, dans toute la Judée, dans la Samarie, et jusqu'aux extrémités de la terre. - French
Und (dann)... ihr werdet meine Zeugen sein, sowohl in Jerusalem als auch in ganz Judäa und Samaria und bis an das Ende der Erde. - German
____ parlerete di me in tutta Gerusalemme, in Giudea, in Samaria, e nelle parti più remote della terra. - Italian
Y me seréis testigos en Jerusalén, en toda Judea, en Samaria y hasta lo último de la tierra. - Spanish
These words have the power of the Holy Spirit, because Jesus Christ is giving the wording himself._______(Date, time) YOU will be my witnesses to testify about me in _______(place), throughout ____ and ____(places), and to the ends of the earth."
You might think that "ends of the earth" outcomes have nothing to do with YOU. Well, God's work in your life starts small in a specific time and place.
Witnesses of truth can tell it in all media of the world.
In other Bible passages there are more patterns:
"You" will be a witness for him
to tell
what "you" have seen and heard. Acts 22:(15)
"Tu" dois être son témoin
pour annoncer
...ce que tu as vu et entendu. - French
Du sollst für ihn eintreten und
bezeugen,
was du gesehen und gehört hast. - German
Tu (infatti) devi diventare suo testimone
per annunziare
...quello che hai vistoo e udito. - Italian
If you didn't deceive or weren't unfair to the listener, you can say:I am not being unfair to you. Matthew 20:(15)
je ne t'ai pas trompé. - French
Ich tue dir nicht unrecht. - German
Io non ti ho imbrogliato. - Italian
One direct accusation can be:"You" hunt me down. - Genesis 31:36
(part of "...that you hunt me down?")
"Tu" mi perseguiti con tanto accanimento. - Italian
************Often we need Character Witnesses. Yet...this information may be highly subjective!!
Someone may think someone is a good person and say something like:
He is a good man John 7:(12)
C'est un homme de bien. - French
Er ist ein guter Mensch. - German
Es bueno. - Spanish
È un uomo sincero. - Italian
Other people may agree with that assessment and say the same or something like:________is just. 2 Th 1:(6) (check ref)
________ ist gerecht. - German
________ es justo. - Spanish
_________est juste. - French
or something like:
All his ways are just. Deut 32:(4)
Alle seine Wege sind recht. - German
Todos sus caminos son rectitud. - Spanish
BUT, SOMEONE ELSE MAY KNOW BETTER. It needs a wise judge discerning the truth of character. That means evaluating conflicting testimony and testing premises.*********
"You testify on your own behalf, so your testimony isn’t true." (John 8:13) This challenge is either a stereotype or the verdict of a person who knows the truth about the witness's previous and other negative behaviours.
The challenge can sometimes be countered with facts and without character witnesses, "Even if I testify on my own behalf, my testimony is true because I know where I came from and where I’m going." (John 8:14)
Nevertheless, character witnesses can often give a strong indication of the truth of someone's statements, because even if there was only one witness of a crime, there are many character witnesses of the anyone's life actions.
If it is known by someone that the person speaking has been in court before and has been found guilty, then one test for the judge can be to ask: "Has anyone condemned you?" (John 8:10)
The answer may indicate lying or just the truth of only one statement. To prove lying, court documents would have to be produced.
***********
Loose ends?
Witness problems?
Their statements did not agree. Mark 14:56
Ils se contredisaient entre eux. - French
Ihre Aussagen stimmten nicht überein. - German
Their testimony did not agree (even on this point). Mark 14:59
(Même sur ce point-là,) ils se contredisaient.
Ihre Aussagen widersprachen einander. - German
Are there false witnesses or is there another explanation?
God's discernment is called for.
false testimony Mark 14:56
fausse accusation (false accusation) - French
falsche Zeugen (false witnesses)- German
May you see God's plan in your life and for others.
© GGK at directq@ourchurch.com
or directq@sympatico.ca; Nov. 2000+; Thanks be to God.
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